Transmission, distribution, and substation engineering that clarifies interconnection requirements and ensures reliable grid connections

Power systems insight during early development to identify interconnection compliance, derisk long lead equipment procurement, inform configuration decisions, and guide project strategy. 

Load Flow Studies 

Evaluation of plant sizing, inverter quantities, and reactive capability, including equipment trade-offs to support early-stage planning and informed decision-making. 

Thermal Analysis 

Assessment of thermal performance to inform right-of-way requirements, collector system routing, and substation configuration decisions. 

Short-Circuit Analysis 

Application of deep system experience to refine specifications for main power transformers and other long-lead equipment, supporting cost control and procurement certainty.  

Preliminary Energy Modeling 

Providing early energy modeling to support system optimization and development decisions. 

ISO-compliant studies, modeling, and coordination to support successful interconnection approval. 

ISO and Utility Coordination 

Technical coordination with ISOs and utilities to support scoping meetings, manage study iterations, resolve technical issues, and align plant design with interconnection requirements. Experience spans CAISO, ERCOT, SPP, PJM, NYISO, MISO, ISO-NE, and other regional authorities. 

Plant and Collector System Modeling

Development of detailed plant and collector system models representing generation, storage, and collector behavior to support accurate grid impact analysis. High-fidelity interconnection models are produced using industry-standard tools including PSS®E, PSLF, TARA, and ASPEN. 

Load Flow and Short-Circuit Studies

Execution and interpretation of load flow and short-circuit studies to evaluate system performance, voltage behavior, and fault duty under normal and contingency conditions. 

EMT and PSCAD Modeling

Electromagnetic transient (EMT) and PSCAD modeling to analyze fast transient behavior, control interactions, and inverter-based resource performance, supporting stability and interconnection approval. 
 

Model Validation and Benchmarking

Validation and benchmarking of models against expected or measured performance to confirm accuracy, credibility, and acceptance by utilities and system operators. 

Power systems engineering that carries approved interconnection requirements into EPC execution. 

Thermal Ampacity Evaluation  

Thermal ampacity calculations evaluate steady-state and transient heating to confirm conductor sizing and operating limits under expected loading conditions. 

Overcurrent protection coordination  

Overcurrent protection coordination establishes selective device operation to isolate faults while maintaining system reliability and equipment protection. 

Short Circuit  

Lightning risk assessments evaluate strike exposure and protection needs to reduce damage risk and improve system reliability. 

DC Arc-flash Calculations 

DC arc-flash calculations assess incident energy exposure at DC equipment to support labeling, PPE selection, and boundaries per Maximum Power, Stokes & Oppenlander, or Paukert calculation methods.  

AC Arc-flash Calculations 

AC arc-flash calculations assess incident energy exposure at AC equipment to support labeling, PPE selection, and boundaries. 

Neutral Induced Voltage  

Neutral induced voltage analysis evaluates electromagnetic coupling effects on grounded and floating conductors to identify safety and interference risks. 

Load Flow + Reactive Power Studies 

Load flow and reactive power studies evaluate voltage performance, power transfer, and reactive capability across operating conditions. 

Grounding 

Grounding studies analyze fault current dissipation, touch and step potentials, and grounding system performance to ensure personnel and equipment safety. 

Transient 

Transient studies assess system response to switching events, faults, and control interactions to evaluate stability and equipment stress. 

Desktop Harmonics 

Desktop harmonics studies evaluate waveform distortion, resonance risk, and compliance with utility and equipment limits based on available information.    

Lightning Risk Assessments 

Lightning risk assessments evaluate strike exposure and protection needs to reduce damage risk and improve system reliability.  

Ongoing studies and model maintenance to support compliance and reliable operation after COD. 

NERC Compliance Studies 

NERC compliance studies evaluate system performance and documentation against applicable reliability standards to support compliance obligations. 

Post-energization Harmonic 

Post-energization harmonic analysis evaluates measured system distortion to verify performance and identify mitigation needs. 

Post-energization Transient Analysis 

Post-energization transient analysis assesses system response to switching events and disturbances based on measured operating data. 

As-built Model Updates 

As-built model updates incorporate installed equipment and settings to maintain accurate analytical representations of the operating system. 

Commissioning + Testing Support 

Commissioning and testing support provides technical oversight, data review, and issue resolution during system startup and validation. 

Ongoing Performance Assessments 

Ongoing performance assessments monitor operating data to identify degradation, inefficiencies, and reliability risks over time. 

Independent review and advisory services focused on risk reduction and technical confidence. 

Third-Party Study + Model Review 

Third-party study and model review to independently evaluate external analyses and assumptions to identify technical risk, bias, and uncertainty. 

Technical Due Diligence + Fatal Flaw Analysis 

Technical due diligence and fatal flaw analysis assess design, site, and interconnection risks to inform investment decisions and transaction viability. 

Capacity + Energy Validation 

Capacity and energy validation verifies expected system performance against design intent, operating limits, and contractual benchmarks. 

Root Cause Analysis 

Root cause analysis investigates performance shortfalls, reliability issues, or failures to identify underlying causes and corrective actions. 

M&A Technical Advisory Support 

M&A technical advisory support provides independent engineering insight to evaluate asset condition, performance risk, and interconnection considerations.